Journal
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages 2876-2883Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8ee00833g
Keywords
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Funding
- Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy, under the Battery Materials Research (BMR) program
- National Science Foundation [ECCS-1542152]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-114747]
- KAUST baseline funding
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Electrolyte solutions are a key component of energy storage devices that significantly impact capacity, safety, and cost. Recent developments in water-in-salt (WIS) aqueous electrolyte research have enabled the demonstration of aqueous Li-ion batteries that operate with capacities and cyclabilities comparable with those of commercial non-aqueous Li-ion batteries. Critically, the use of aqueous electrolyte mitigates safety risks associated with non-aqueous electrolytes. However, the high cost and potential toxicity of imide-based WIS electrolytes limit their practical deployment. In this report, we disclose the efficacy of inexpensive, non-toxic mixed cation electrolyte systems for Li-ion batteries that otherwise provide the same benefits as current WIS electrolytes: extended electrochemical stability window and compatibility with traditional intercalation Li-ion battery electrode materials. We take advantage of the high solubility of potassium acetate to achieve the WIS condition in a eutectic mixture of lithium and potassium acetate with water-to-cation ratio as low as 1.3. Our work suggests an important direction for the practical realization of safe, low-cost, and high-performance aqueous Li-ion batteries.
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