Journal
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Volume 11, Issue 11, Pages 3212-3219Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8ee01040d
Keywords
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Funding
- National Nature Science Foundations of China [21573265, 21673263, 51622207, U1630134, 21503130]
- Western Young Scholars Foundations of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Young Eastern Scholar Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [QD2016021]
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The properties of the electrolyte are the dominant factors for the overall performance and safety of electrical energy storage devices. Highly concentrated water in salt (WIS) electrolytes are inherently non-flammable, moisture-tolerant, and exhibit wide electrochemical stability windows, making them promising electrolytes for high-performance energy storage devices. However, WIS electrolytes possess intrinsically low conductivity and high viscosity, which usually impair the high-rate performance of many energy storage devices, especially supercapacitors (SCs). Additionally, the inevitable salt precipitation at low temperature for WIS electrolytes narrows down their applicable temperature range. Here, we introduce acetonitrile as a co-solvent to a typical water in salt electrolyte to formulate an acetonitrile/ water in salt (AWIS) hybrid electrolyte that provides significantly improved conductivity, reduced viscosity and an expanded applicable temperature range while maintaining the aforementioned important physicochemical properties of WIS electrolytes. Using the AWIS electrolyte for a model SC remarkably enhances the high-rate performance, accompanied by a 2.4 times capacitance increase at 10 A g(-1) with respect to the original WIS electrolyte. This AWIS electrolyte also enables a stable long-term cycling capability of the model SC for over 14 000 cycles at a high operation voltage of 2.2 V.
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