Electrochemical and in-situ X-ray diffraction studies of Na1.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Ru0.4O2 as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

Room-temperature sodium-ion batteries offer an alternative solution for large-scale energy storage system because of the huge abundant, and low cost of sodium resources. An O3-type sodium-excess layered material Na1.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Ru0.4O2 (0.4Na(2)RuO(3)center dot 0.4NaNi(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(2)) is prepared as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, which reveals an enhanced cycling stability, high coulombic efficiency, and superior dynamics properties. In-situ X-ray diffraction analysis is conducted to get insight into the sodium storage mechanism.