Journal
ECOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 21, Issue 7, Pages 1075-1084Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ele.12974
Keywords
Barro Colorado Island; demography; functional traits; growth-survival trade-off; life-history strategies; long-lived pioneer; mortality; seed production; tropical forest; weighted Principal Component Analysis
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG [RU 1536/3-1]
- German Centre for integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG [FZT 118]
- NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology programme for seedling data collection [LTREB 1464389]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [NWO-ALW 801-440 01-009]
- Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University
- F. H. Levinson Fund
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1464389] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Life-history theory posits that trade-offs between demographic rates constrain the range of viable life-history strategies. For coexisting tropical tree species, the best established demographic trade-off is the growth-survival trade-off. However, we know surprisingly little about co-variation of growth and survival with measures of reproduction. We analysed demographic rates from seed to adult of 282 co-occurring tropical tree and shrub species, including measures of reproduction and accounting for ontogeny. Besides the well-established fast-slow continuum, we identified a second major dimension of demographic variation: a trade-off between recruitment and seedling performance vs. growth and survival of larger individuals (>= 1 cm dbh) corresponding to a 'stature-recruitment' axis. The two demographic dimensions were almost perfectly aligned with two independent trait dimensions (shade tolerance and size). Our results complement recent analyses of plant life-history variation at the global scale and reveal that demographic trade-offs along multiple axes act to structure local communities.
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