Journal
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
Volume 85, Issue -, Pages 674-697Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.10.040
Keywords
Eco-efficiency indicators; Total-factor economic efficiency; Total-factor energy efficiency; Total-factor environmental efficiency; Meta-US-SBM model
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41571524, 71532013]
- National Social Science Foundation of China [14ZDB144]
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Development of Modern Services and New Urbanization in Hunan Province [CIC1502]
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Eco-efficiency is of great significance in facilitating a region's sustainable development. However, there are some inconsistencies among the concepts and also relationships of eco-efficiency and its relevant efficiencies in recent studies. This paper integrates eco-efficiency and three related-efficiencies (economic efficiency, energy efficiency, and environmental efficiencies) into a total-factor analysis framework, regarding them as composite eco-efficiency indicators. Employing a new data envelopment analysis approach, named Meta-US-SBM, which considers meta-frontier, undesirable outputs, super efficiency, and slacks simultaneously, the measure system of these four efficiencies is established. An empirical study is conducted using Chinese provincial data from 2001 to 2014. Results indicate that, overall, the regional economic efficiency is better than other related efficiency indicators. Furthermore, different provinces are adopting different development modes, as denoted by significant heterogeneity among eco-efficiency indicators.
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