Journal
ECOGRAPHY
Volume 42, Issue 1, Pages 77-87Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ecog.03506
Keywords
biogeographic factors; energetic factors; anthropogenic factors
Categories
Funding
- SISBIOTA-Mar [CNPq 38123/2011-4]
- 'Programa de Monitoramento de Longa Duracao das Comunidades Recifais de Ilhas Oceanicas' - PELD/ILOC [CNPq 403740/2012-6]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [FAPERJ - E-26/111.582/2014 - APQ1]
- Pro-Trindade [CNPq 405426/2012-7]
- Pro-Africa [CNPq 490531/2007-5]
- UC-Mexus
- National Science Foundation-USA (NFS)
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- CONANP-Mexico
- California Academy of Sciences
- National Geographic Society [7937-05]
- NSF (Charles Darwin Foundation) [OCE-1450214, 145]
- CNPq [GDE 202475/2011-5]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior e Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Estado de Santa Catarina [FAPESC/BIODIVERSITY 14170/2010]
- Nautilus Explorer-Mexico
- Earth Friends and Pacific Rim
- NSF [DEB-1632648]
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Diversity patterns are determined by biogeographic, energetic, and anthropogenic factors, yet few studies have combined them into a large-scale framework in order to decouple and compare their relative effects on fish faunas. Using an empirical dataset derived from 1527 underwater visual censuses (UVC) at 18 oceanic islands (five different marine provinces), we determined the relative influence of such factors on reef fish species richness, functional dispersion, density and biomass estimated from each UVC unit. Species richness presented low variation but was high at large island sites. High functional dispersion, density, and biomass were found at islands with large local species pool and distance from nearest reef. Primary productivity positively affected fish richness, density and biomass confirming that more productive areas support larger populations, and higher biomass and richness on oceanic islands. Islands densely populated by humans had lower fish species richness and biomass reflecting anthropogenic effects. Species richness, functional dispersion, and biomass were positively related to distance from the mainland. Overall, species richness and fish density were mainly influenced by biogeographical and energetic factors, whereas functional dispersion and biomass were strongly influenced by anthropogenic factors. Our results extend previous hypotheses for different assemblage metrics estimated from empirical data and confirm the negative impact of humans on fish assemblages, highlighting the need for conservation of oceanic islands.
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