Mining the Brain for a New Taxonomy of the Mind

In this paper, I summarize an emerging debate in the cognitive sciences over the right taxonomy for understanding cognition - the right theory of and vocabulary for describing the structure of the mind and the proper role of neuroscientific evidence in specifying this taxonomy. In part because the discussion clearly entails a deep reconsideration of the supposed autonomy of psychology from neuroscience, this is a debate in which philosophers should be interested, with which they should be familiar, and to which they should contribute. Here, I outline some of the positions being advocated, and reflect on some of the possible implications of this work both for scientific and folk psychology.