Journal
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 34, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
SUN YAT SEN UNIV MED SCI WHO
DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0051-5
Keywords
Stem cells; Exosomes; MicroRNAs; Fibroblasts; Stroma; Tumor microenvironment; Angiogenesis; Tissue repair; Transplantation; Immunotherapy
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Funding
- CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) Brazil
- FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation) Brazil
- FAEPA (Foundation for Teaching Support, Research and Assistance from Hospital of Clinics of Medical School at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo) Brazil
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Stem cells are known to maintain stemness at least in part through secreted factors that promote stem-like phenotypes in resident cells. Accumulating evidence has clarified that stem cells release nano-vesicles, known as exosomes, which may serve as mediators of cell-to-cell communication and may potentially transmit stem cell phenotypes to recipient cells, facilitating stem cell maintenance, differentiation, self-renewal, and repair. It has become apparent that stem cell-derived exosomes mediate interactions among stromal elements, promote genetic instability in recipient cells, and induce malignant transformation. This review will therefore discuss the potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the context of stromal remodeling and their ability to generate cancer-initiating cells in a tumor niche by inducing morphologic and functional differentiation of fibroblasts into tumor-initiating fibroblasts. In addition, the immunosuppressive potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer immunotherapy and their prospective applications in cell-free therapies in future translational medicine is discussed.
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