Journal
DESALINATION
Volume 433, Issue -, Pages 113-119Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2018.01.020
Keywords
Desalination; Membrane capacitive deionisation; Bromide; Disinfection by-products; Reverse osmosis
Categories
Funding
- Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement (KAIA) - Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport [17IFIP-B116952-02]
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [FT140101208]
- UTS
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Most Australian surface and ground waters have relatively high concentration of bromide between 400 and 8000 mu g/L and even higher concentration in seawater between 60,000-78,000 mu g/L. Although bromide is not regulated, even at low concentrations of 50-100 mu g/L, it can lead to the formation of several types of harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) during the disinfection process. One of the major concerns with brominated DBPs is the formation of bromate (BrO3-), a serious carcinogen that is formed when water containing a high concentration of bromide is disinfected. As a result, bromate is highly regulated in Australian water standards with the maximum concentration of 20 mu g/L in the drinking water. Since seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plays an important role in augmenting fresh water supplies in Australia, SWRO plants in Australia usually adopt 2nd pass brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) for effective bromide removal, which is not only energy-intensive to operate but also has higher capital cost. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of membrane capacitive deionisation (MCDI) as one of the alternatives to the 2nd pass BWRO for effective bromide removal in a more energy efficient way.
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