Journal
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
Volume 149, Issue -, Pages 70-83Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.12.002
Keywords
Deep ocean; Antarctic Bottom Water; Dense Shelf Water; Southern Ocean
Categories
Funding
- Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (MMA)
- Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC)
- Council for Research and Scientific Development of Brazil (CNPq) through Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology of Cryosphere (INCT-CRIOSFERA) [573720/2008-8, 465680/2014-3]
- NAUTILUS (CNPq) [405869/2013-4]
- CAPES/CMAR2 (CAPES) [23038.001421/2014-30]
- CNPq [302604/2015-4, 306896/2015-0, 232792/2014-3]
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The role of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in changing the ocean circulation and controlling climate variability is widely known. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relative contribution and variability of Antarctic regional deep water mass varieties that form AABW is still lacking. Using a high-quality dataset comprising three decades of observational shipboard surveys in the Weddell Sea (1984-2014), we updated the structure, composition and hydrographic properties variability of the Weddell Sea deep-layer, and quantified the contribution of the source waters composing Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) in its main formation zone. Shifts in WSBW hydrographic properties towards less dense varieties likely equate to less WSBW being produced over time. WSBW is primarily composed of 71 +/- 4% of modified-Warm Deep Water (mWDW) and 29 +/- 4% of Dense Shelf Waters, with the latter composed by similar to two-thirds (19 +/- 2%) of High Salinity Shelf Water and similar to one-third (10 +/- 6%) of Ice Shelf Water. Further, we show evidence that WSBW variability in the eastern Weddell Sea is driven by changes in the inflow of Dense Shelf Waters and bottom water from the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean. This was observed through the rise of the WSBW contribution to the total mixture after 2005, following a twenty-year period (1984-2004) of decreasing contribution.
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