Journal
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL
Volume 19, Issue 10, Pages 2286-2294Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10995-015-1747-5
Keywords
Pregnancy; Body composition; Gestational weight gain; Infant; Maternal
Categories
Funding
- Maternal and Child Health Bureau (Title V, Social Security Administration), Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services [MCJ 360601, MCJ 360499]
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [T32DK091227]
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center [NIH/NIDDK P30DK026687]
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The pattern of gestational weight gain (GWG) reflects general nutrient availability to support growing fetal and maternal compartments and may contribute to later health, but how it relates to changes in maternal body composition is unknown. We evaluated how the pattern of GWG related to changes in maternal body composition during pregnancy and infant size at birth. A prospective, multi-ethnic cohort of 156 pregnant women and their infants was studied in New York City. Prenatal weights were used to estimate total and rate (kg/week) of GWG by trimester. Linear regression models evaluated the association between trimester-specific GWG group (low, medium, high GWG) [total (low a parts per thousand currency sign25, high a parts per thousand yen75 percentile) or rate (defined by tertiles)] and infant weight, length and maternal body composition changes from 14 to 37 weeks, adjusting for covariates. Compared to the low gain group, medium/high rate of GWG in the second trimester and high rate of GWG in the third trimester were associated with larger gains in maternal fat mass (beta range for fat Delta = 2.86-5.29 kg, all p < 0.01). For infant outcomes, high rate of GWG in the second trimester was associated with higher birth weight (beta = 356 g, p = 0.001) and length (beta = 0.85 cm, p = 0.002). First and third trimester GWG were not associated with neonatal size. The trimester specific pattern and rate of GWG reflect changes in maternal body fat and body water, and are associated with neonatal size, which supports the importance of monitoring trimester-specific GWG.
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