Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN CARDIOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 3, Pages 311-316Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000508
Keywords
apoA-I retention; atherosclerosis; ATP-binding cassette A1; desmocollin 1; HDLs
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [MOP15042]
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Purpose of reviewPlasma levels of HDL cholesterol are a biomarker of cardiovascular health but not a therapeutic target, as demonstrated by the failure of pharmacological modulation of HDL cholesterol to prevent or treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In health, HDL particles exert pleiotropic effects against atherosclerosis, including cholesterol removal from foam cells, vasodilatory effects through vascular endothelial cell nitric oxide production, decreased vascular inflammation and oxidative damage, endothelial cell proliferation and antiapoptotic effects.Recent findingsThese functional effects of HDL are independent of the cholesterol mass and are related to the proteome and lipidome. In disease states and with the ageing process, HDL components are extensively modified and may no longer play a beneficial role but are retained in the atheroma and contribute to atherosclerosis. We have recently shown that desmocollin 1 (DSC1) acts as an apolipoprotein (apo) A-I binding protein that is highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and inhibits atheroprotective HDL functions by retaining apoA-I. The apoA-I retention hypothesis proposes that macrophages express DSC1 in a maladaptive process that renders apoA-I inactive and contributes to atherosclerosis.SummaryHDL loses their beneficial properties in ageing and disease states. Novel pathways may present new therapeutic avenues to restore their biological functions.
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