Journal
CORTEX
Volume 102, Issue -, Pages 150-160Publisher
ELSEVIER MASSON, CORPORATION OFFICE
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.019
Keywords
Attention; Information seeking; Decision making; Eye movements; Active sensing
Funding
- National Eye Institute [1R01EY025158]
- National Institutes of Mental Health [R01 MH-098039]
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [R01EY025965] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH098039, R03MH115644] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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In natural behavior we actively gather information using attention and active sensing behaviors (such as shifts of gaze) to sample relevant cues. However, while attention and decision making are naturally coordinated, in the laboratory they have been dissociated. Attention is studied independently of the actions it serves. Conversely, decision theories make the simplifying assumption that the relevant information is given, and do not attempt to describe how the decision maker may learn and implement active sampling policies. In this paper I review recent studies that address questions of attentional learning, cue validity and information seeking in humans and non-human primates. These studies suggest that learning a sampling policy involves large scale interactions between networks of attention and valuation, which implement these policies based on reward maximization, uncertainty reduction and the intrinsic utility of cognitive states. I discuss the importance of using such paradigms for formalizing the role of attention, as well as devising more realistic theories of decision making that capture a broader range of empirical observations. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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