Journal
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 160, Issue -, Pages 145-151Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.03.013
Keywords
Nanofibrillated cellulose; Polylactide; Composites; Proteins; Adhesion
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Funding
- Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES)
- Academy of Finland's Centres of Excellence Programme Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, HYBER
- Aalto University Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC)
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The role of animal protein, casein, as compatibilizer and eco-friendly dispersant in composites comprising cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and polylactic acid (PLA) was investigated. The effect of casein mediated surface modification of PLA was validated with dynamic adhesion experiments that considered the contact area according to JKR approximation. In fact, a remarkable increase by similar to 50% in the work of adhesion between CNF and PLA was observed after casein adsorption. It is likely that the improved adhesion gave rise to an enhanced dispersion of CNF and PLA within the composite matrix. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the respective nanocomposites were significantly improved. When compared to protein-free CNF/PLA nanocomposites, the systems containing casein indicated an enhanced extensibility (by 130%) and tensile toughness (by 60%) whereas tensile strength and Young's modulus were improved to a limited extent (6 and 12%, respectively). Finally, it is demonstrated that the surface modification of PIA with casein improves the compatibility between CNF and PLA, which is a prerequisite for the feasible preparation of 3D shaped cellulose-based packaging materials by direct thermoforming. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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