Mathematical simulation of pultrusion processes: A review

A review of computational modelling and simulation of pultrusion processes is presented including such aspects as: resin flow and pressure distribution in a forming die; impregnation of reinforcing fibers; heat transfer and resin reaction; pulling force, stresses and strains development; methods for numerical optimization of the process. Development of models provides deeper knowledge concerning the mechanisms behind the process as well as the influence of constituent materials' properties and manufacturing parameters. Consequently, accelerated development of pultrusion process, allowing for the manufacturing of geometrically complex profiles is promoted.