Efficacy evaluation of electric field frequency and temperature on dielectric properties of collagen cross-linked by glutaraldehyde

Solid-state dielectric properties are reported for unmodified collagen (Col) and glutaraldehyde-modified collagen (Col-GA) over the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz and at temperatures from 25 to 145 degrees C. In the full temperature and frequency range the average values of the relative permittivity and dielectric loss for Col samples are higher than those recorded for Col-GA samples. The peak temperature of these both parameters associated with the release of loosely bound water is around 73 and 77 degrees C for Col and Col-GA samples, respectively. The activation energy for the reorientation and breaking of hydrogen bonds takes the values 32 kJ mol(-1) for Col and 23 kJ mol(-1) for Col-GA. The relative permittivity decrement and conductivity increment of Col-GA samples fall by 40 and 30% on average in the temperature range 25-75 degrees C, as compared to Col samples. Dielectric properties of Col-GA may be helpful in designing scaffolds for tissue engineering. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.