Physical processes of driven magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas: Zero guide field case

The key physical processes of the electron and ion dynamics, the structure of the electric and magnetic fields, and how particles gain energy in the driven magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas for the zero guide field case are presented. The key kinetic physics is the decoupling of electron and ion dynamics around the magnetic reconnection region, where the magnetic field is reversed and the electron and ion orbits are meandering, and around the separatrix region, where electrons move mainly along the field line and ions move mainly across the field line. The decoupling of the electron and ion dynamics causes charge separation to produce a pair of in-plane bipolar converging electrostatic electric field ((E) over right arrow (es)) pointing toward the neutral sheet in the magnetic field reversal region and the monopolar (E) over right arrow (es) around the separatrix region. A pair of electron jets emanating from the reconnection current layer generate the quadrupole out-of-plane magnetic field, which causes the parallel electric field ((E) over right arrow (parallel to)) from (E) over right arrow (ind) to accelerate particles along the magnetic field. We explain the electron and ion dynamics and their velocity distributions and flow structures during the time-dependent driven reconnection as they move from the upstream to the downstream. In particular, we address the following key physics issues: (1) the decoupling of electron and ion dynamics due to meandering orbits around the field reversal region and the generation of a pair of converging bipolar electrostatic electric field ((E) over right arrow (es)) around the reconnection region; (2) the slow-down of electron and ion inflow velocities due to acceleration/deceleration of electrons and ions by (E) over right arrow (es) as they move across the neutral sheet; (3) how the reconnection current layer is enhanced and how the orbit meandering particles are accelerated inside the reconnection region by (E) over right arrow (ind); (4) why the electron outflow velocity from the reconnection region reaches super-Alfvenic speed and the ion outflow velocity reaches Alfvenic speed; (5) how the quadrupole magnetic field is produced and how (E) over right arrow (parallel to) is produced; (6) how electrons and ions are accelerated by (E) over right arrow (parallel to) around the separatrix region; (7) why electrons have a flat-top parallel velocity distribution in the upstream just outside the reconnection region as observed in the magnetotail; (8) how electron and ion dynamics decouple and how the monopolar electrostatic electric field is produced around the separatrix region; (9) how ions gain energy as they move across the separatrix region into the downstream and how the ion velocity distribution is thermalized in the far downstream; and (10) how electrons move across the separatrix region and in the downstream and how the electron velocity distribution is thermalized in the far downstream. Finally, the main energy source for driving magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration/heating is the inductive electric field, which accelerates both electrons and ions around the reconnection current layer and separatrix regions. (C) 2015 Author(s).