Exploring lipid and apolipoprotein levels in chronic hepatitis C patients according to their response to antiviral treatment

Background: Hepatitis C virus is known to be highly dependent of lipid metabolism to infect new cells and replicate. Aims: To investigate lipid and apolipoprotein profile in chronic HCV patients according to treatment response. Methods: Patients recruited from the Hepatitis Treatment Center at Niteroi (Brazil) who received interferon (IFN)-based therapies were separated into two groups, those who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) or not (non-SVR). Another group of patients treated with IFN-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies was followed from before starting the treatment until one year after therapy. Triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions were determined by colorimetric and/or electrophoresis techniques. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and serum levels of apolipoproteins A1, A2, B, C2, C3 and E were assessed by enzymatic and multiplex assays, respectively. Results: We studied 114 patients, and SVR was reached in 28 (39.4%) patients treated with IFN-therapy and in all (100%) patients who received DAA. Non-SVR patients (n = 43) presented altered liver parameters post-treatment. Levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides were significant higher in SVR group. In contrast, LCAT activity and HDL-C levels were elevated in non-SVR patients. Only apolipoproteins B, C2 and C3 levels were increased in SVR group. The follow-up of SVR-DAA patients (n= 43) revealed a significant and progressive increase in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides. Conclusions: After a successful treatment, chronic hepatitis C patients experienced a reestablishment of lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that the monitoring of serum lipids could be a practical and routine laboratory tool to be applied during the treatment follow-up.