Journal
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 80, Issue -, Pages 52-61Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.018
Keywords
Bismuth oxychloride nanosheets; HaCaT cells; Cytotoxicity; Cellular uptake; Reactive oxygen species
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21176168, 21303116]
- Science and Technology Project of Taiyuan University of Technology [2013A008]
- Outstanding Innovation Project of Shanxi Province, China [20133035]
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As an emerging nanomaterial, bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) has attracted explosive interests in diverse areas. However, how it interfaces with biological systems, particularly its interaction with human cells and the resulting effects are completely unknown. In this paper, the cytotoxicity of BiOCl nanosheets (NSs) was investigated toward a human skin derived cell line (HaCaT). It was found that BiOCl-NSs had no cytotoxicity at low concentrations (<0.5 mu g/mL), whereas higher concentrations (5-100 mu g/mL) of BiOCl-NSs could trigger toxic effects on HaCaT cells, with changes in cell morphology and impairment of intracellular structures (mitochondria and cytoskeleton). BiOCl-NSs also led to cell apoptosis and cells cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Flow cytometric data showed that BiOCl-NSs were effectively incorporated into HaCaT cells. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images further revealed that BiOCl-NSs sequestered in the lysosomes, mitochondria, nuclei, and vesicles. Results of DCFH-DA assay and nutritional antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) experiments suggested that an oxidative stress mechanism was involved in the cytotoxic effects of BiOC1-NSs. Taken together, this work represents the first study on the behavior of BiOCl-NSs on human cells, and constitutes the first and essential step for the risk assessment of BiOCl nanomaterials. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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