Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 191, Issue -, Pages 145-155Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.033
Keywords
Diluted bitumen; Particle-laden hydrocarbons; Water accommodated hydrocarbons; Oil-sediment interaction; Microtoxicity
Categories
Funding
- Government of Canada's World Class Tanker Safety Program
- Government of Canada's Ocean Protection Plan
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In this study, the water accommodated and particle-laden hydrocarbon species, and the toxicity of the aqueous phase after oil-sediment interactions by varying the weathering states of diluted bitumen (Cold Lake blend (CLB)), oil type from light to heavy, and sediment type. Compared to the original oils, the sediment-laden total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) contained fewer hydrocarbons in the carbon range C-34 range. Sediment-laden oil amounts generally decreased with an increased viscosity and asphaltene content of the test oils, as well as with increased sediment particle size. The presence of sediments significantly decreased the oil accommodated in water due to the formation of oil particulate aggregates (OPA) after mixing and settling. Less water accommodated TPH and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were observed for weathered CLB products. However, oil and sediment types did not clearly affect the water accommodated TPH and PAHs. Light molecular PAHs and their alkylated congeners accounted for most of the water accommodated PAH congeners. A microtoxicity test demonstrated that with or without sediment, and regardless of sediment type, the toxicity of the water phase did not change significantly. Light oil of Alberta sweet mixed blend (ASMB) had the highest toxicity, followed by fresh CLB, and then all other oils, suggesting that ASMB and fresh CLB had relatively higher levels of light toxic components dissolved in the water phase compared with the other tested oils. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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