Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 193, Issue -, Pages 711-719Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.148
Keywords
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47); Lemna minor; Toxic effects; Toxic mechanism; Chronic toxicity; Direct toxicity
Categories
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2015JL012, ZR2015DL009]
- Postgraduate Education Innovation Project of Shandong Province [SDYY16087]
- China's Post-doctoral Science Fund [2016M592158]
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To investigate the toxic effect and mechanism of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in aquatic plants, in vivo and in vitro exposure to BDE-47 were conducted. After 14-d exposure to 5-20 mu g/L BDE-47, the growth of Lemna minor plants was significantly suppressed, and the chlorophyll and soluble protein contents in fronds markedly decreased. Accordingly, the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm, PI) decreased. When the thylakoid membranes isolated from healthy fronds was exposed to 5-20 mg/L BDE-47 directly in vitro for 1 h, the photosynthetic efficiency also decreased significantly. In both the in vitro (5-20 mu g/L) and in vivo (5-20 mg/L) experiments, BDE-47 led to an increased plasma membrane permeability. Hence, we concluded that BDE-47 had a direct toxicity to photosynthetic membranes and plasma membranes. However, direct effects on the activities of peroxidase (POD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and nitroreductase (NR) were not observed by adding 5-20 mg/L BDE-47 into crude enzyme extracts. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide anion radical (O-2(-)) contents in the BDE-47 treated fronds were higher than those in the control fronds, suggesting that L. minor can not effectively relieve reactive oxygen species (ROS). The data above indicates that BDE-47 is toxic to L. minor through acting directly on biomembranes, which induces the production of ROS and thus causes remarkable oxidative damage to cells. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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