Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 192, Issue -, Pages 31-42Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.110
Keywords
Riverine sediment; Trace metal; Geochemical fraction; Toxic effects; Vibrio fischeri
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation [41701585, 41611140112]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [17lgpy40]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China [2017A030310309]
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Five sediment cores (S1-S5) were collected from the Shima River to determine the bioavailability of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) using the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) procedure. The toxic effects of polluted sediment were assessed using the LUMISTox (R) bioassay with Vibrio fischeri and chemical models such as the toxicity unit (TU) of each metal, sum of all TUs (Sigma TU), and toxic risk index (TRI). The results showed that Cd, Ni, and Zn were present mainly in the acid-soluble and residual fractions, and the residual fraction of Cr accounted for the majority of the metal content (44%), while Cu was present mainly in the reducible and residual fractions. Cd had a mean enrichment factor (EF) of 15.1 and was considered to be severely enriched, while there was a minor enrichment of Cr and moderately severe enrichment of Zn, Cu, and Ni. From the LUMISTox (R) bioassay, an acute TU (TUa) value exceeding 0.4 was found at the upper and middle reach sites and was considered to represent slightly acute toxicity, whereas little acute toxicity was found at the lower reach site. The acid-soluble fraction of trace metals was the geochemical fraction mainly responsible for the acute toxicity of the sediment, and acid-soluble Zn and Ni were identified as important contributors to sediment toxicity. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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