Journal
CHEMMEDCHEM
Volume 13, Issue 16, Pages 1664-1672Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800224
Keywords
carbohydrates; galectin-8; structure-based ligand design; X-ray crystallography
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Funding
- Cancer Council Queensland [ID1080845]
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Galectin-8 is a -galactoside-recognising protein that has a role in the regulation of bone remodelling and is an emerging new target for tackling diseases with associated bone loss. We have designed and synthesised methyl 3-O-[1-carboxyethyl]--d-galactopyranoside (compound 6) as a ligand to target the N-terminal domain of galectin-8 (galectin-8N). Our design involved molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that predicted 6 to mimic the interactions made by the galactose ring as well as the carboxylic acid group of 3-O-sialylated lactose (3-SiaLac), with galectin-8N. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) determined that the binding affinity of galectin-8N for 6 was 32.8m, whereas no significant affinity was detected for the C-terminal domain of galectin-8 (galectin-8C). The crystal structure of the galectin-8N-6 complex validated the predicted binding conformation and revealed the exact protein-ligand interactions that involve evolutionarily conserved amino acids of galectin and also those unique to galectin-8N for recognition. Overall, we have initiated and demonstrated a rational ligand design campaign to develop a monosaccharide-based scaffold as a binder of galectin-8.
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