4.6 Article

Ultrabright Red-Emitting Photostable Perylene Bisimide Dyes: New Indicators for Ratiometric Sensing of High pH or Carbon Dioxide

Journal

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 24, Issue 42, Pages 10711-10720

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800867

Keywords

carbon dioxide; dyes/pigments; fluorescence; ratiometry; sensors

Funding

  1. Austrian Academy of Science (OAW) at the Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology (DOC-Fellowship)

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New pH-sensitive perylene bisimide indicator dyes were synthesized and used for fabrication of optical sensors. The highly photostable dyes show absorption/emission bands in the red/near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, high molar absorption coefficients (up to 100000 M-1 cm(-1)), and fluorescence quantum yields close to unity. The absorption and emission spectra show strong bathochromic shifts upon deprotonation of the imidazole nitrogen atom, which makes the dyes promising as ratiometric fluorescent indicators. Physical entrapment of the indicators into a polyurethane hydrogel enables pH determination at alkaline pH values. It is also shown that a plastic carbon dioxide solid-state sensor can be manufactured by immobilization of the pH indicator in a hydrophilic polymer, along with a quaternary ammonium base. The influences of the plasticizer, different lipophilic bases, and humidity on the sensitivity of the sensor material are systematically investigated. The disubstituted perylene, particularly, features two deprotonation equilibria, enabling sensing over a very broad pCO(2) range of 0.5 to 1000 hPa.

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