Journal
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
Volume 56, Issue 10, Pages 5751-5763Publisher
ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16954
Keywords
adaptive optics; cone photoreceptor density; retina
Categories
Funding
- Foundation Fighting Blindness
- Research to Prevent Blindness
- Collins Medical Trust
- Medical Research Foundation of Oregon
- K08 Career Development Award [1 K08 EY021186-01]
- ARVO/Alcon Young Clinician Scientist Research Award
- Fight For Sight [FFS-SS-11-025, FFS-SS-13-029, FFS-SS-12-010]
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PURPOSE. To describe a standardized flood-illuminated adaptive optics (AO) imaging protocol suitable for the clinical setting and to assess sampling methods for measuring cone density. METHODS. Cone density was calculated following three measurement protocols: 50 x 50-mu m sampling window values every 0.5 degrees along the horizontal and vertical meridians (fixed-interval method), the mean density of expanding 0.5 degrees-wide arcuate areas in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior quadrants (arcuate mean method), and the peak cone density of a 50 x 50-mu m sampling window within expanding arcuate areas near the meridian (peak density method). Repeated imaging was performed in nine subjects to determine intersession repeatability of cone density. RESULTS. Cone density montages could be created for 67 of the 74 subjects. Image quality was determined to be adequate for automated cone counting for 35 (52%) of the 67 subjects. We found that cone density varied with different sampling methods and regions tested. In the nasal and temporal quadrants, peak density most closely resembled histological data, whereas the arcuate mean and fixed-interval methods tended to underestimate the density compared with histological data. However, in the inferior and superior quadrants, arcuate mean and fixed-interval methods most closely matched histological data, whereas the peak density method overestimated cone density compared with histological data. Intersession repeatability testing showed that repeatability was greatest when sampling by arcuate mean and lowest when sampling by fixed interval. CONCLUSIONS. We show that different methods of sampling can significantly affect cone density measurements. Therefore, care must be taken when interpreting cone density results, even in a normal population.
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