Unique Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanovessels as Recyclable Adsorbent for Solid Phase Extraction of Benzoylurea Pesticides in Juices Samples

Unique graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanovessels have been prepared and applied as solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for determining benzoylurea pesticides (BUs) in different juice samples using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with ultraviolet detection (UVD). The g-C3N4 nanovessels were obtained on a large scale by thermally converting low-cost urea without additive assistance, which avoided a complex synthesis process, consumption of organic solvent, and limits of tailoring the reaction pressure and atmosphere. The g-C3N4 nanovessels have been characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and elemental analysis. The conditions affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized, including adsorbent amount, extraction time, sample volume, and choice and volume of desorption solvent. Under the optimal conditions, comparable detection limits of 6 mu g/L and good recoveries of 70.4-96.4 % for six BUs have been achieved. Meanwhile, g-C3N4 nanovessels showed excellent reuse potential for ten times. The results indicated that g-C3N4 nanovessels repesented a promising SPE adsorbent for the enrichment and trace analysis of pollutants.