Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 9, Pages 2945-2953Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00321
Keywords
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Funding
- KAUST
- BASF
- EPSRC [EP/P02484X/1, EP/G037515/1, EP/M005143/1, EP/N509486/1]
- EC FP7 Project SC2 [610115]
- EC H2020 Project SOLEDLIGHT [643791]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [742708]
- Solar Photochemistry Program, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308]
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- NSF-GFRP
- EPSRC [EP/M005143/1, EP/P02484X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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We report a design strategy that allows the preparation of solution processable n-type materials from low boiling point solvents for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The polymer backbone is based on NDI-T2 copolymers where a branched alkyl side chain is gradually exchanged for a linear ethylene glycol-based side chain. A series of random copolymers was prepared with glycol side chain percentages of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100 with respect to the alkyl side chains. These were characterized to study the influence of the polar side chains on interaction with aqueous electrolytes, their electrochemical redox reactions, and performance in OECTs when operated in aqueous electrolytes. We observed that glycol side chain percentages of >50% are required to achieve volumetric charging, while lower glycol chain percentages show a mixed operation with high required voltages to allow for bulk charging of the organic semiconductor. A strong dependence of the electron mobility on the fraction of glycol chains was found for copolymers based on NDI-T2, with a significant drop as alkyl side chains are replaced by glycol side chains.
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