Journal
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Volume 28, Issue 8, Pages 3035-3045Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy131
Keywords
anterior temporal lobe; computational model; reading; surface dyslexia; transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Funding
- Japan Society of Promoting Science (KAKENHI) [14J02696, 15K21062, 16H03750, 18K13374, 15H05401]
- Leverhulme Trust Research Leadership Award Grant [RL-2016-030]
- EU Marie Curie Career Integration Grant [CIG630680]
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology - cross council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Medical Research Council [MR/K026992/1]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15K21062, 14J02696, 18K13374, 15H05401, 16H03750] Funding Source: KAKEN
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An influential account of reading holds that words with exceptional spelling-to-sound correspondences (e.g., PINT) are read via activation of their lexical-semantic representations, supported by the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). This account has been inconclusive because it is based on neuropsychological evidence, in which lesion-deficit relationships are difficult to localize precisely, and functional neuroimaging data, which is spatially precise but cannot demonstrate whether the ATL activity is necessary for exception word reading. To address these issues, we used a technique with good spatial specificity-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-to demonstrate a necessary role of ATL in exception word reading. Following rTMS to left ventral ATL, healthy Japanese adults made more regularization errors in reading Japanese exception words. We successfully simulated these results in a computational model in which exception word reading was underpinned by semantic activations. The ATL is critically and selectively involved in reading exception words.
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