Journal
CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 46, Issue 4, Pages 1423-1438Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000489184
Keywords
Bone metastasis; Tumor microenvironment; Osteoclast; Osteoblast; Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
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Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [103-2314-B-442-002-MY3, 105-2314-B-037-037-MY3, 105-2314-B-037-038-MY3, 106-2314-B-442-001-MY3]
- Health and Welfare Surcharge of Tobacco Products from Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan [MOHW106-TDU-B-212-144007]
- Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Taiwan [RB17004, RD106081, RD106082]
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital [KMUH105-5R27]
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Distant metastases are the major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Bone metastases may cause bone fractures, local pain, hypercalcemia, bone marrow aplasia, and spinal cord compression. Therefore, the management of bone metastases is important in cancer treatment. Normal bone remodeling is regulated by osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), and other cytokines. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells induce a vicious cycle that promotes osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. Studies support the idea that distant metastases may occur due to the immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells inhibit T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and differentiate into tumor-associating macrophages (TAMs), monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs). In this review, we summarize studies focusing on the role of MDSCs in bone metastasis and provide a strong foundation for developing anticancer immune treatments and anticancer therapies, in general. (C) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
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