INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND EXPLOITATION OF ROCK DEPOSITS WITH OPEN CAST METHOD

This article presents an analysis of the legal requirements related to environmental protection and the management of a deposit, paying special attention to the impact of the management of the deposit from the time of discovery, documentation and making the deposits available for exploitation until reclamation and use of deposit after dismantling of the mining plant on the institutional forms of environmental protection such as: forms of protection of landscape and nature, forms of protection of groundwater, forms of protection of soil and the forms of forest protection. Accepted forms of division of environmental protection results from assessment of documented and undeveloped deposits of rock materials in task 7: Protection of rock deposits - criteria of their rational management, conditions and opportunities of implementation of the project Strategies and technological scenarios for development and utilisation of rock deposit, using the method of assessment of Niec and Radwanek-Bak (Niec & Radwanek-Bak, 2011). It also presents statistics showing the number of analysed forms of environmental protection applied in Poland. It was noted that every year the process of extending of legal protection to new areas has been observed. This process causes increased safety requirements for the planned mining activities in these areas. It is also emphasised that the management of the deposit should be implemented in a reasonable manner, compatible with the spatial policy pursued at all levels of administration. The mineral exploitation should to be economically justified and undertaken with measures, which reduce the negative impact of the different cycles of the life of the deposit on the elements of the environment, which are located directly on the planned or performed mining activities and in its vicinity. It also shows that mining activities can be performed in areas of institutional protection, after meeting the requirements imposed by the regulations and after obtaining the decision on environmental conditions of the planned mining activities.