Journal
CELL
Volume 172, Issue 6, Pages 1239-1259Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.032
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Funding
- Goran Gustafsson Foundation
- Umea University
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Max Planck Foundation
- Max Planck Society
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In bacteria and archaea, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins constitute an adaptive immune system against phages and other foreign genetic elements. Here, we review the biology of the diverse CRISPR-Cas systems and the major progress achieved in recent years in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the three stages of CRISPR-Cas immunity: adaptation, crRNA biogenesis, and interference. The ecology and regulation of CRISPR-Cas in the context of phage infection, the roles of these systems beyond immunity, and the open questions that propel the field forward are also discussed.
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