Journal
CARCINOGENESIS
Volume 39, Issue 8, Pages 1056-1067Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy072
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI) [P50 CA102701, R25 CA092049]
- NIH/NCI [RO1 CA58697, 5R01CA098870]
- NIH Research Project Grant Program [RO1 CA98380]
- NCI [CA59706, CA108370, CA109767, CA89726, CA098889]
- Rombauer Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund
- California Department of Public Health
- NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program [N01-PC-35136]
- Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) [13203]
- COST Action EU-Pancreas [BM1214]
- United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R44DK103377]
- National Cancer Institute's Division of Cancer Prevention
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
- National Cancer Institute [University of Colorado Denver] [NO1-CN-25514]
- National Cancer Institute [Georgetown University] [NO1-CN-25522]
- National Cancer Institute [Pacific Health Research Institute] [NO1-CN-25515]
- National Cancer Institute [Henry Ford Health System] [NO1-CN-25512]
- National Cancer Institute [University of Minnesota] [NO1-CN-25513]
- National Cancer Institute [Washington University] [NO1-CN-25516]
- National Cancer Institute [University of Pittsburgh] [NO1-CN-25511]
- National Cancer Institute [University of Utah] [NO1-CN-25524]
- National Cancer Institute [Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation] [NO1-CN-25518]
- National Cancer Institute [University of Alabama at Birmingham] [NO1-CN-75022]
- National Cancer Institute [Westat, Inc.] [NO1-CN-25476]
- National Cancer Institute [University of California, Los Angeles] [NO1-CN-25404]
- Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute
- U.S. Public Health Service [N01-CN-45165, N01-RC-45035, N01-RC-37004]
- National Cancer Institute [R01CA034588, R01CA098661, P30CA016087, R01CA82729, R01CA70867, R01CA124908]
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center [ES000260]
- European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate
- Research Directorate-General 2005
- Ligue contre le Cancer
- Societe 3 M
- Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France)
- German Cancer Aid (Germany)
- German Cancer Research Center (Germany)
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
- Danish Cancer Society (Denmark)
- Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health
- Cancer Research UK (United Kingdom)
- Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
- Stroke Association (United Kingdom)
- British Heart Foundation (United Kingdom)
- Department of Health (United Kingdom)
- Food Standards Agency (United Kingdom)
- Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom)
- Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece)
- Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece)
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece)
- Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC) (Italy)
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (the Netherlands)
- Dutch Prevention Funds (the Netherlands)
- LK Research Funds (the Netherlands)
- Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland) (the Netherlands)
- Swedish Cancer Society (Sweden)
- Swedish Scientific Council (Sweden)
- Regional Government of Skane and Vasterbotten (Sweden)
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services
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Diets with high inflammatory potential are suspected to increase risk for pancreatic cancer (PC). Using pooled analyses, we examined whether this association applies to populations from different geographic regions and population subgroups with varying risks for PC, including variation in ABO blood type. Data from six case-control studies (cases, n = 2414; controls, n = 4528) in the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4) were analyzed, followed by replication in five nested case-control studies (cases, n = 1268; controls, n = 4215) from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan). Two polymorphisms in the ABO locus (rs505922 and rs8176746) were used to infer participants' blood types. Dietary questionnaire-derived nutrient/food intake was used to compute energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII (R)) scores to assess inflammatory potential of diet. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Higher E-DII scores, reflecting greater inflammatory potential of diet, were associated with increased PC risk in PanC4 [ORQ5 versus(Q1) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.85-2.61, P-trend < 0.0001; ORcontinuous = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.17-1.24], and PanScan (ORQ5 versus(Q1) = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.92-1.66, P-trend = 0.008; ORcontinuous = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.15). As expected, genotype-derived non-O blood type was associated with increased PC risk in both the PanC4 and PanScan studies. Stratified analyses of associations between E-DII quintiles and PC by genotype-derived ABO blood type did not show interaction by blood type (P-interaction = 0.10 in PanC4 and P-interaction = 0.13 in PanScan). The results show that consuming a pro-inflammatory diet and carrying non-O blood type are each individually, but not interactively, associated with increased PC risk.
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