Improving the stability of inverted perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions with graphene-based inorganic charge transporting layers

Inverted organometal halide perovskite solar cells of p-i-n architecture allow for the employment of inorganic components that ensure longer time stability than organic charge transporters. This has been demonstrated in the present work where devices were made by employing NiO/GO and Li-modified GO/TiOx as hole and electron transporters, respectively, in comparison with popular organic components, such as PEDOT:PSS and PCBM. Cells made in the FTO/PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/PCBM/Al composition were 25% more efficient than cells made in the FTO/NiO/GO/Perovskite/GO-Li/TiOx/Al composition but the latter was markedly more stable than the former. Emphasis has been presently given to the characterization of the inorganic components, which can thus be employed for the construction of solar cells under ambient conditions with descent 11.2% efficiency. The GO/GO-Li based perovskite solar cell devices showed reasonable stabilized efficiency, high reproducibility and a negligible hysteresis effect. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.