Grafting cellulose acetate with ionic liquids for biofuel purification membranes : Influence of the anion

Membranes made from cellulose acetate grafted with imidazolium or ammonium ionic liquids (ILs) containing different anions were considered for ethyl tert-butyl ether biofuel purification by pervaporation. The new cellulosic materials were obtained after bromide (Br-) exchange by different anions (Tf2N-, BF4-, AcO-). IL structure-membrane property relationships revealed that the membrane properties were strongly improved by varying the anion structure, molecular size and hydrogen bonding acceptor ability beta in the Kamlet-Taft polarity scale. The grafted ammonium IL with AcO- anion combined the highest parameter beta with big cation/anion sizes and finally led to the best membrane properties with a normalized pervaporation flux of 0.41 kg/h m(2) (almost 20 times that of virgin cellulose acetate) for a reference thickness of 5 mu m and a permeate ethanol content of 100%. Such properties thus corresponded to an outstanding separation factor at 50 degrees C.