Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 193, Issue -, Pages 62-72Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.091
Keywords
Injectable preformed scaffolds; Shape memory; Sulfated carboxymethylcellulose; Chondrogenesis; Growth factor immobilization and cartilage; tissue engineering
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Funding
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT-K)
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT) India
- Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India [SR/SO/HS/0039/2011]
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India [90/34/2012/SCRT (TF)/BMS]
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In this work, a plant-derived polysaccharide carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was chemically modified to incorporate sulfate groups to facilitate binding of cationic growth factors. The sulfated CMC (heparin mimic) was then used with CMC (glycosaminoglycan mimic) and gelatin (collagen mimic) to fabricate injectable pre-formed, macroporous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. These scaffolds demonstrated high resilience and shape memory, thereby making them injectable through a 14G needle for up to 4-6 aspiration and injection cycles. Further, the scaffolds could sequester cationic proteins and growth factors (TGF-beta 1) through affinity-based interactions. When seeded with infrapatellar fat pad derived MSCs, the scaffolds demonstrated enhanced chondrogenesis after 28 days of in vitro culture when compared to controls. Taken together; these results demonstrate a polysaccharide-based minimally-invasive and translatable pre-formed injectable scaffold-based cell and growth factor delivery system for cartilage regeneration.
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