Journal
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
Volume 67, Issue 10, Pages 1491-1503Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2184-2
Keywords
Glioblastoma; Macrophages; NF-kappa B p50; T cells; Immunotherapy
Categories
Funding
- Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation
- Hyundai Hope on Wheels
- Allegheny Health Network-Johns Hopkins Cancer Research Fund
- National Institutes of Health [T32 CA60441, P30 CA006973]
- Giant Food Children's Cancer Research Fund
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [P30CA006973, T32CA060441] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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High-grade gliomas harbor abundant myeloid cells that suppress anti-tumor immunity and support tumor growth. Targeting transcription factors, such as NF-kappa B p50, that mediate suppressive myeloid M2 polarization may prove therapeutic. GL261-Luc glioblastoma cells were inoculated into wild-type and p50(-/-) mice, followed by analysis of tumor growth, survival, tumor myeloid cells, and T cells. The absence of host p50 slows tumor growth and enables regression in 30% of recipients, leading to prolonged survival. Tumors developing in p50(-/-) mice possess a greater concentration of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) than those in wild-type mice. TIMs are predominantly F4/80(hi) macrophages which, along with tumor-associated microglia, express increased pro-inflammatory M1 and reduced immune-suppressive M2 markers. In p50(-/-) mice, total tumor CD4 T cells are threefold more abundant, whereas CD8 T-cell numbers are unchanged, and both produce increased IFN gamma and Granzyme B. Na < ve splenic p50(-/-) CD8 T cells manifest increased activation, whereas na < ve p50(-/-) and WT CD4 T cells show similar Th1, Th2, and Th17 polarization. Antibody targeting CD4, but not CD8, fully obviates the p50(-/-) survival advantage. Combined CD4 and CD8 T-cell depletion reverses myeloid M2 polarization in wild-type hosts, without affecting myeloid M1 polarization in p50(-/-) hosts. Finally, gliomas grow similarly in p50(f/f) and p50(f/f);Lysozyme-Cre mice, the latter having reduced p50 specifically in myeloid cells and tumor microglia. Thus, high-grade glioma T cells play a key role in directing M2 polarization of tumor myeloid cells, and reducing NF-kappa B p50 in both tumor myeloid cells and T cells may contribute to glioma therapy.
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