Chemical Composition and Sources Estimation of PM2.5 and Submicron Particles (PM1) in Urban Atmosphere Based on Chemical Components

Submicron particles (PM1) and fine particles (PM2.5) were collected in the urban atmosphere at Tokyo from April to December, 2016. Cyclone samplers were used to collect PM1 and PM2.5 samples on quartz fiber filters at a flow rate of 16.7 L min(-1) for two days. The ratios of PM1 to PM2.5 (PM1/PM2.5) were 0.51-0.97 from April to December. It is considered that PM1/PM2.5 is influenced by coarse particles, primary natural particles. In terms of the chemical composition, the PM1/PM2.5 of NH4+, SO42-, OC, EC, and elements of anthropogenic sources such as V, Sb, and Pb were greater than that of elements of natural sources such Na, Mg, and Fe. The urban atmosphere in Shinjuku was possibly influenced by biomass burning due to an increase of char-EC/soot-EC in PM1. There were high correlations (r > 0.80) between PM1 and some trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, Sn, Sb, and Pb). As a result, it is considered that these elements were deeply ralated to the sources of PM1. Moreover, there are few automotive brake dust particles including Sb and Cu, and soil particles including Mn and Fe in PM1. Thus, it is considered that Zn, Cd, Pb, Sb, and Cu were influenced by waste incineration, and that Mn, Fe, Cu were influenced by steel-industry activities.