Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
Volume 120, Issue 1, Pages 146-155Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.08.002
Keywords
cohort studies; operative/mortality; postoperative care/methods; postoperative care/statistics and numerical data; surgery; surgical procedures
Categories
Funding
- Nestle Health Sciences
- Medical Research Council/British Journal of Anaesthesia clinical research training fellowship
- National Research Foundation rating grant
- MRC
- Medical Research Council [MR/M017974/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [ACF-2014-21-007, RP_2014-04-022, CL-2017-21-005, CL-2016-21-003, ACF-2016-09-006] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/M017974/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained >= 1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32-0.77); P<0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88-1.19); P = 0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62-0.92); P<0.01; I-2 = 87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61-0.88); P<0.01; I-2 = 89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine.
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