Journal
ATTACHMENT & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 90-99Publisher
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1115113
Keywords
pain; attachment; infancy; affect regulation; immunization
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research through a New Investigator salary award
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Pain in Child Health Strategic Training Program [MOP111140]
- Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Early Researcher Award program [ER08-05-219]
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program
- York Research Chairs Program
- York University's Lillian Wright Maternal-Child Health Scholarship program
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research through operating grant [MOP84511]
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Objectives. The relationship between infant behaviors during routine immunization, pre- and post-needle, and infant attachment was explored. Methods. A total of 130 parent-infant dyads were recruited from a larger longitudinal study and videotaped during routine immunization at 12 months and the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at 14 months. Six infant behaviors were coded for 1-minute pre-needle and 3-minutes post-needle. Attachment was operationalized according to the secure/avoidant/resistant/disorganized categories. Results. As expected, none of the pre-needle behaviors predicted attachment. Proximity-seeking post-needle significantly discriminated attachment categorizations. Secure infants were more likely to seek proximity to caregivers post-needle in comparison with avoidant and disorganized infants. Proximity-seeking following immunization was positively correlated with proximity-seeking during the SSP and negatively correlated with avoidance and disorganization during the SSP. Conclusions. Infant proximity-seeking during immunization is associated with attachment security and parallels behaviors observed during the SSP. More research is needed to identify behavioral markers of disorganization.
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