Measuring in vivo cerebral maturation using age-related T2 relaxation times at 3 T

Objective: To examine age-related changes in T2 relaxation times during infancy and childhood in order to assess T-2 values obtained from routine MRI as a biomarker. Methods: From our pool of clinical pediatric MRI examinations at 3 T all patients with normal conventional MRI scans were retrospectively selected. Depending on their clinical findings the identified 99 patients (0-199 months) were divided into 43 healthy controls and 56 diseased children with various clinical abnormalities (developmental delay, epilepsy, prematurity, and deafness). T, maps based on routinely performed triple echo turbo spin echo sequences were created. T, values were measured in 22 brain regions to determine age-related changes. We also investigated whether such changes differ between healthy and diseased children. Results: Age significantly reduced T, relaxation times across all regions (p < 0.05), but health status had no impact. With increasing age, T, values decreased continuously, with declines faster over the first 10 months and slower thereafter. Early rapid and later slow decline was similar in healthy and diseased groups. Conclusions: Using T, maps based on clinical MR1 data we could determine age-related T, relaxation times in 22 brain regions during infancy and childhood. Our data have relevance for future investigator independent T2 relaxation time measurements in determining whether T, values are within the normal range or should be considered as potentially pathologic. (C) 2017 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.