Journal
BONE
Volume 118, Issue -, Pages 69-76Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.009
Keywords
Marrow adipose tissue (MAT); Marrow adipose tissue composition; Magnetic resonance imaging; Proton MR spectroscopy; Dual energy computed tomography (ma)
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [K24DK109940, R24DK084970, R01DK103946, R01DK095792]
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Bone strength is affected not only by bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture but also its micro-environment. Recent studies have focused on the role of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) in the pathogenesis of bone loss. Osteoblasts and adipocytes arise from a common mesenchymal stem cell within bone marrow and many osteoporotic states, including aging, medication use, immobility, over - and undernutrition are associated with increased marrow adiposity. Advancements in imaging technology allow the non invasive quantification of MAT. This article will review magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- and computed tomography (CT)-based imaging technologies to assess the amount and composition of MAT. The techniques that will be discussed are anatomic T1-weighted MRI, water-fat imaging, proton MR spectroscopy, single energy CT and dual energy CT. Clinical applications of MRI and CT techniques to determine the role of MAT in patients with obesity, anorexia nervosa, and type 2 diabetes will be reviewed. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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