Journal
ENDOCRINE
Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 256-267Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0684-9
Keywords
Anorexia nervosa; Smell; Taste; Obesity; Emotional eating; Ghrelin
Categories
Funding
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria FIS) [PI11/210, PI14/290]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERobn)
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
- 'Rio Hortega' contract from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III,' Madrid, Spain [CM12/00059]
- Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS) Miguel Servet I'' [MS13/00188-CP13/00188]
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(1) The objective of this study is to analyze differences in smell-taste capacity between females in extreme weight/eating conditions (EWC) and (2) to explore the interaction between smell/taste capacity, gastric hormones, eating behavior and body mass index (BMI). The sample comprised 239 females in EWC [64 Anorexia nervosa (AN) and 80 age-matched healthy-weight controls, and 59 obese and 36 age-matched healthy-weight controls]. Smell and taste assessments were performed through Sniffin' Sticks and Taste Strips, respectively. The assessment measures included the eating disorders inventory-2, the symptom check list 90-revised, and The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, as well as peptides from the gastrointestinal tract [Ghrelin, peptide YY, cholecystokinin]. Smell capacity was differentially associated across EWC groups. Smell was clearly impaired in obese participants and increased in AN (hyposmia in Obesity was 54.3 and 6.4 % in AN), but taste capacity did not vary across EWC. Ghrelin levels were significantly decreased in obese subjects and were related to smell impairment. EWC individuals showed a distinct smell profile and circulating ghrelin levels compared to controls. Smell capacity and ghrelin may act as moderators of emotional eating and BMI.
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