Mechanisms of Salinity Control in Sea Bass

Sea bass can regulate the concentration of Na+, K+, and Cl-, among other ions, in their blood, skin, gills, and kidney. Therefore, the salinity of the water does not have a great influence on their metabolism, and sea bass can live in both sea and freshwater in accordance with the salt concentration. Most salinity control occurs in the gills, primarily through the control of chloride cells present there. The concentration of ions in the blood is controlled by the cotransporter Na+ / K+ / 2Cl(-) (NKCC) in the chloride cell, and the subunits of Na+ / K+ ATPase (NKA) function to maintain homeostasis. The expression of NKA is regulated by subunits of the protein FXYD, allowing the sea bass to survive in compliance with the salinity. In this way, it is possible for sea bass to live in sea and freshwater by controlling the salinity of its body using functions of various channels, proteins, and genes present in the chloride cells of sea bass. In this study, we investigated recent studies of salt control mechanisms in sea bass and their application.