Journal
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
Volume 36, Issue 5, Pages 1424-1433Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.05.006
Keywords
Biopolymers; Glutamic acid; Pathway engineering; Poly-gamma-glutamic acid; Recombinant producers
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Funding
- National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2015BAD16B04]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31,470,213, 31,670,093, 81,671,842]
- Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Thailand
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Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) is a natural biopolymer of glutamic acid. The repeating units of gamma-PGA may be derived exclusively from D-glutamic acid, or L-glutamic acid, or both. The monomer units are linked by amide bonds between the alpha-amino group and the gamma-carboxylic acid group. gamma-PGA is biodegradable, edible and water-soluble. It has numerous existing and emerging applications in processing of foods, medicines and cosmetics. This review focuses on microbial production of gamma-PGA via genetically and metabolically engineered recombinant bacteria. Strategies for improving production of gamma-PGA include modification of its biosynthesis pathway, enhancing the production of its precursor (glutamic acid), and preventing loss of the precursor to competing byproducts. These and other strategies are discussed. Heterologous synthesis of gamma-PGA in industrial bacterial hosts that do not naturally produce gamma-PGA is discussed. Emerging trends and the challenges affecting the production of gamma-PGA are reviewed.
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