Journal
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 82, Issue 2, Pages 216-224Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1422972
Keywords
Ammonia fermentation; branched-chain amino acid fermentation; denitrification; Nudix hydrolase; sirtuin
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Funding
- [25850057]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17K07734] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Filamentous fungi are used to produce fermented foods, organic acids, beneficial secondary metabolites and various enzymes. During such processes, these fungi balance cellular NAD(+):NADH ratios to adapt to environmental redox stimuli. Cellular NAD(H) status in fungal cells is a trigger of changes in metabolic pathways including those of glycolysis, fermentation, and the production of organic acids, amino acids and secondary metabolites. Under hypoxic conditions, high NADH:NAD(+) ratios lead to the inactivation of various dehydrogenases, and the metabolic flow involving NAD(+) is down-regulated compared with normoxic conditions. This review provides an overview of the metabolic mechanisms of filamentous fungi under hypoxic conditions that alter the cellular NADH:NAD(+) balance. We also discuss the relationship between the intracellular redox balance (NAD/NADH ratio) and the production of beneficial secondary metabolites that arise from repressing the HDAC activity of sirtuin A via Nudix hydrolase A (NdxA)-dependent NAD(+) degradation.
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