Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 261, Issue -, Pages 441-452Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.085
Keywords
Constructed wetland; Substrate; Ion exchange; Sorption; Electron donor
Funding
- Irish Research Council, Republic of Ireland [GOIPD/2017/1367]
- Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China [1808085QE144]
- Natural Science Foundation of China, China [41472047, 41702043, 41772038]
- Irish Research Council (IRC) [GOIPD/2017/1367] Funding Source: Irish Research Council (IRC)
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Substrate selection is one of the key technical issues for constructed wetlands (CWs), which works for wastewater treatment based mainly on the biofilm principle. In recent years, many alternative substrates have been studied and applied in CWs, and a review is conducive to providing updated information on CW R&D. Based on the intensive research work especially over the last 10 years on the development of emerged substrates (except for the three conventional substrates of soil, sand, and gravel) in CWs, this review was made. The substrates are categorized depending on their main roles in pollutant removal as ion-exchange substrates, P-sorption substrates, and electron donor substrates. Among these, reuse of various waste products as substrates was suggested due to their competitive pollutant removal efficiency and minimized waste disposal. Regarding substrate development, future research on avoiding substrate clogging to extend their lifetime in CWs is needed.
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