Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 252, Issue -, Pages 76-82Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.098
Keywords
Bronsted acid; Engineered/designer biochar; HMF; Solid catalyst; Biomass valorization; Organic waste recycling
Funding
- Hong Kong International Airport Environmental Fund [K-ZJKC]
- Hong Kong Environment and Conservation Fund [K-ZB78]
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Sulfonated biochar derived from forestry wood waste was employed for the catalytic conversion of starch-rich food waste (e.g., bread) into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Chemical and physical properties of catalyst were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and elemental analysis. The conversion of HMF was investigated via controlling the reaction parameters such as catalyst loading, temperature, and reaction time. Under the optimum reaction conditions the HMF yield of 30.4 Cmol% (i.e., 22 wt% of bread waste) was achieved in the mixture of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/deionized-water (DIW) at 180 degrees C in 20 min. The effectiveness of sulfonated biochar catalyst was positively correlated to the density of strong/weak Bronsted acidity (-SO3H, -COOH, and -OH groups) and inversely correlated to humins content on the surface. With regeneration process, sulfonated biochar catalyst displayed excellent recyclability for comparable HMF yield from bread waste over five cycles.
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