Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 7, Issue 22, Pages 12141-12146Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02435
Keywords
thin film solar cells; kesterites; CdS; transmission electron microscopy; electron-beam-induced current
Funding
- European Community [284486]
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Solution processing of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) (CZTSSe)-kesterite solar cells is attractive because of easy manufacturing using readily available metal salts. The solution-processed CZTSSe absorbers, however, Often suffer from poor morphology with a bilayer structure, exhibiting a dense top crust and a porous bottom layer, albeit yielding efficiencies of over 10%. To understand whether the cell performance is limited by this porous layer, a systematic compositional study using (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the dimethyl sulfoxide processed CZTSSe absorbers is presented. TEM investigation revealed a thin layer of CdS that is formed around the small CZTSSe grains in the porous bottom layer during the chemical bath deposition step. This CdS passivation is found to be beneficial for the cell performance as it increases the carrier collection and facilitates the electron transport. Electron-beam-induced current measurements reveal an enhanced carrier collection for this buried region as compared to reference cells with evaporated CdS.
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