Histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor ACY-1215 protects against experimental acute liver failure by regulating the TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB pathway

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is considered a new target for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neurodegenerative treatment. ACY-1215 is a selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor, and it has been recognized as a potential anticancer and anti-inflammation drug. The aim of our study was to investigate whether ACY-1215 has protective effects on acute liver failure (ALF) in mice and explore its potential mechanism. Male C57/BL6 mice were divided into normal, model, and ACY-1215 groups. ACY-1215 (25 mg/kg) and same amounts of saline were given to mice. After 2 h, the ALF models were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 mu g/kg) combined with D-galactosamine (D-gal, 400 mg/kg). All animals were killed after 24 h. The expressions of HDAC6 were determined by western blotting and RT-PCR assay. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. The protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) species were determined by western blot. The mortality of mice with ALF induced by LPS and D-gal was significantly decreased by ACY-1215 pretreatment. Procedures to manage ALF caused adversely affected liver histology and function; this damage was repaired by pretreatment of ACY-1215. ACY-1215 treatment also attenuated the serum and messenger RNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines. Pretreatment of ACY-1215 significantly decreased the protein expression of TLR4 and the activation of MAPK and NF-kappa B signalling pathways. ACY-1215 has potential therapeutic value in mice with ALF by directly inhibiting inflammatory response via regulation of the TLR4-MAPK/NF-kB pathway.