Journal
BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 399, Issue 12, Pages 1353-1361Publisher
WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0215
Keywords
outer-membrane proteins; periodontitis; proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis; proteolysis; shedding
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Funding
- Slovenian Research Agency [P1-0140]
- US National Institutes of Health, NIDCR [DE 09761, DE026280]
- Polish National Science Center [SYMFONIA: UMO-2013/08/W/NZ1/00696]
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Gingipains are extracellular cysteine proteases of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and are its most potent virulence factors. They can degrade a great variety of host proteins, thereby helping the bacterium to evade the host immune response, deregulate signaling pathways, trigger anoikis and, finally, cause tissue destruction. Host cell-surface proteins targeted by gingipains are the main focus of this review and span three groups of substrates: immune-regulatory proteins, signaling pathways regulators and adhesion molecules. The analysis of published data revealed that gingipains predominantly inactivate their substrates by cleaving them at one or more sites, or through complete degradation. Sometimes, gingipains were even found to initially shed their membrane substrates, but this was mostly just the first step in the degradation of cell-surface proteins.
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